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Perception

    Perception   INTRODUCTION     Perception can be defined as a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. However,what one perceives can be substantially different from objective reality.   Nature and Importance Perception is a process by which individuals organize and interpret as per their sensory immersions in order to give meaning to their environment. It is important to study perceptions in the study of Organization Behaviour, because people’s behaviour is based on their perception of’ what reality is and is not   on reality itself. Perception is influenced by many factors.   FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION           A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. Thesefactors can reside in the perceiver, in the object or target being perceived, situation in the contex...

Attitude

  Attitude Definition of Attitude: ·          A person's positive or negative favorable or unfavorable pro or con a person feels towards an object. ·          Attitudes are learned predispositions to respond to an object in a consistently favorably or unfavorable way.    Attitude is made up of three components: cognitive (knowledge), affective (emotional), and conative (behavioral tendency) components.     A person's overall attitude is a function of 1.     The strength of each of a number of beliefs the person holds about various aspects of an object. 2.     The evaluation given to each belief.   Characteristics of Attitude  1. Attitude has an object : An attitude has an object, which is liked or disliked, favored or disfavored; or evaluated as negative or positive. The object can be a thing, an idea, a person, or a sit...

Groups

  Groups -          An Aggregation is any no. of people in close proximity -          A Category is any no of people who have some particular attributes in common. -          A GROUP consists of people who have a lot of interaction with each other or a sense of relatedness as a result of it.   Classification of Group   ·         Content & Function: age, sex, political, religions, residential occupational, educational.  The subtypes are students, factory workers, church membersetc. ·         Degree of Personal Involvement (Two types) Primary Groups where interpersonal relationships take place face to face with great frequency. Secondary Groups: where relationships ave among menbers is relatively impersonal and formalised eg. political parties, union · ...